La costruzione di modelli multisensoriali di statuaria antica, tra innovazione e tradizione

Luca James Senatore

doi:10.26375/disegno.14.2024.14

Authors

Luca James Senatore Department of History, Representation and Restoration of Architecture, Sapienza Università di Roma

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26375/disegno.14.2024.14

Keywords:

3D model, Structured Light Scanner, SfM, Head of St. Elena, 3D Printer models

Abstract

The research focuses on the development of a scientific methodology for the creation of copies of Cultural Heritage without scale reduction, capable of simulating the physical qualities of original materials such as marble, to allow for multi-sensory enjoyment. Using innovative technologies and traditional techniques, the process begins with a massive data survey, identifying a digital reference model. Subsequently, the construction of a ‘new original’ by 3D printing in PLA and deblocking paves the way for the creation of copies by casting with a cement mixture that can simulate the materiality of marble. The choice of materials, subjected to perceptual and thermal tests, plays a crucial role in the selection of the material to be used to replicate the characteristics of the original. The validation of the geometric results demonstrates the compatibility of the physical models with the research objective. Finally, the study introduces the concept of ‘metric reliability level’ as an essential parameter for the scientific validation of the results. The research, carried out with the collaboration of the Soprintendenza Speciale Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio of Rome and the Pontifical Commission for Sacred Archaeology, focuses on the copy of the Head of St. Elena in the Mausoleum of St. Elena in Rome, highlighting the applicability of the proposed methodology in the context of Cultural Heritage.

References

Bernardini, F., Rushmeier, H. (2002a). The 3D Model Acquisition Pipeline. In Computer Graphics Forum. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2002, 21 (2), pp. 149-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.00574.

Bernardini, F., Rushmeier, H., Martin, I.M., Mittleman, J., Taubin, G. (2002b). Building a Digital Model of Michelangelo’s Florentine Pietà. In IEEE Comput. Graphics Appl., 22 (1), pp. 59-67.

Bochicchio, R. (a cura di). (2019). Il Mausoleo di Sant’Elena. Il monumento e l'Antiquarium. Milano: Electa.

Curless, B. (2000). 3D Photography. Course notes for Special Interest Group on Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH 2000). Los Angeles, CA, 24 July 2000.

Fontana, R., Greco, M., Materazzi, M., Pampaloni, E., Pezzati, L., Rocchini, C., Scopigno, R. (2002). Three-dimensional modelling of statues: the Minerva of Arezzo. In Journal of Cultural Heritage, vol. 3 (4), pp. 325-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1296-2074(02)01242-6.

Giuliani, R. (2015). SS. Marcellino e Pietro. Catacombe di Roma e d’Italia, 11. Città del Vaticano: Pontificia Commissione di Archeologia Sacra.

Giuliani, R. (2016). Un ritratto ritrovato dell’Augusta Elena dal complesso ad duas lauros? In O. Brandt, G. Castiglia, V. Fiocchi Nicolai (a cura di). Costantino e i Costantinidi. L’innovazione costantiniana, le sue radici e i suoi sviluppi. Atti del XVI Congresso Internazionale di Archeologia Cristiana. Roma, 22-28 settembre 2013, pp. 879-893. Città del Vaticano: Pontificio Istituto di Archeologia Cristiana.

Godin, G., Beraldin, J.-A., Taylor, J., Cournoyer, L., Rioux, M., El-Hakim, S., Baribeau, R., Blais, F., Boulanger, P., Domey, J., Picard, M. (2002). Active optical 3d imaging for heritage applications. In IEEE Comput. Graphics Appl., 22 (5), pp. 24-36.

Grün, A., Remondino, F., Zhang, L. (2002). Reconstruction of the Great Buddha of Bamiyan, Afghanistan. In The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Conference proceedings of ISPRS Commission V Symposium Close-Range Imaging, Long-Range Vision. Corfù, GRK, 2-6 September 2002, vol. XXXIV, No 5, pp. 363-368. ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004655538.

Guidi, G., Beraldin, J.-A., Atzeni, C. (2004). High-accuracy 3D modeling of cultural heritage: the digitizing of Donatello’s “Maddalena”. In IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 13 (3), pp. 370-380. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2003.822592.

Levoy, M., Pulli, K., Curless, B., Rusinkiewicz, S., Koller, D., Pereira, L., Ginzton, M., Anderson, et al (2000). The Digital Michelangelo Project: 3D scanning of large statues. In SIGGRAPH 2000. Conference proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. New Orleans, 23-28 July 2000, pp. 131-144. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1145/344779.344849.

Remondino, F., Guarnieri, A., Vettore, A. (2005). 3D modeling of close-range objects: photogrammetry or laser scanning? In J.A. Beraldin, S.F. El-Hakim, A. Gruen, J.S. Walton (Eds.). Videometrics VIII. Conference proceedings of SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging. San José, CA, 2005, vol. 5665, pp. 216–225. International society for Optics and Photonics. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.586294.

Remondino, F., Spera, M.G., Nocerino, E., Menna, F., Nex, F. (2014). State of the art in high density image matching. In The Photogram Record, No 29, pp. 144-166. https://doi.org/10.1111/phor.12063.

Russo, M., Senatore, L.J. (2022). Low-cost 3d techniques for real sculptural twins in the museum domain. In The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Proceeding of the 7th International Workshop LowCost 3D – Sensors, Algorithms, Applications. Würzburg, Germany, 15-16 December 2022, vol. XLVIII-2/W1-2022, pp. 229-236. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLVIII-2-W1-2022-229-2022.

Senatore, L.J., Wielich, B. (2022). Modelli tattili per la conoscenza. “Eros che incorda l’arco” al Parco Archeologico di Ostia Antica. In C. Candito, A. Meloni (a cura di). DAI - Il Disegno per l’Accessibilità e l’Inclusione. Atti del I convegno internazionale. Genova 2-3 dicembre 2022, pp. 716-729. Alghero: Publica.

Szeliski, R., Kang, S.B. (1993). Recovering 3d shape and motion from image streams using nonlinear least squares. In Proceedings of Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. New York, NY, 15-17 June 1993, pp. 752-753. IEEE. 10.1109/CVPR.1993.341157.